Class 12 Physics: Electric Charge & Electronics
Electric Charge and Material Science Fundamentals “From Subatomic Particles to Semiconductors” 🌟 1. What Is Electric Charge? Electric charge is one of the most fundamental properties of matter. It is responsible for creating electric and magnetic fields , which in turn produce electromagnetic force —one of the four fundamental forces of nature (along with gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces). Every object in the universe is made up of atoms, and these atoms consist of subatomic particles: Protons (positively charged) Electrons (negatively charged) Neutrons (no charge) The net electric charge of an object determines how it interacts with other charged particles. If an object has more electrons than protons, it is negatively charged . If it has more protons, it is positively charged . If both are equal, it is neutral . 🔹 2. Types of Electric Charge There are two types of electric charge : 🧲 Positive Charge: Carried by pr...